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Cake day: November 28th, 2025

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  • I can’t tell if I’m dumb, but directly from your linked review, under “Epidemiology” (Bolding is mine)

    Twin and family studies have demonstrated strong familial inheritance patterns for SUDs (Prom-Wormley, Ebejer, Dick, & Bowers, 2017). Heritability (h2) estimates across SUDs vary, but broadly suggest that genetic influences account for approximately 50% of the risk. Quantitative genetic studies have also suggested that, in addition to the presence of substance-specific influences for SUDs – with nicotine and opiates showing the most evidence of substance-specific genetic factors (Kendler, Myers, & Prescott,2007; Tsuang et al., 1998) – there are heritable factors that contribute to SUDs more broadly (Kendler et al., 2007; Kendler, Prescott, Myers, & Neale, 2003).

    Alcohol use disorder

    Heritability estimates for AUD range from ∼0.50 to 0.64 (Heath et al., 1997; Kendler, 2001), with a recent meta-analysis reporting h2 of ∼0.50 (Verhulst, Neale, & Kendler, 2015). Heritability estimates for AUD diagnosis tend to be slightly higher than for other alcohol-related traits, such as alcohol use initiation (h2 = 0.30–0.40; Koopmans, Slutske, Van Baal, & Boomsma, 1999) and alcohol use frequency (h2 = 0.37–0.47; Viken, Kaprio, Koskenvuo, & Rose, 1999), which is consistent with prior twin studies suggesting that environmental influences may have a more pronounced impact on initiation, while genetic factors are more influential in progression to heavier use and substance-related problems

    (Kendler, Karkowski, Neale, & Prescott, 2000).

    Edit: reread your first comment. I see what you’re saying. I think its a silly distinction, but I could see your argument. Leaving this for posterity



  • Not to get overly pedantic, but I don’t think decompression means what you think it means.

    Also, the same pressure is acting on a fluid with a high energy/lowered density. When its cooled, the air wants to have a higher density, thus reducing the pressure inside the can relative to the atmospheric pressure that it is experiencing. It begins to suck in more “cool” water, which continues lowering the temperature of the water present. This is both because it is “cooler” to begin with as well as the latent heat of vaporization and it most likely aerosolizing as it enters the can turbo charging the feedback loop

    If you’ve ever actually done this, you’ll notice that there is a “small” amount of water inside the can, that is the rememnent of the steam as well as the water that got sucked into it.

    Its also worth trying to work out, thermodynamically, why would the hot steam want to rush out of the can??